HttpClient 发送get post请求和数据解析及详解
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发布日期:   2017-02-21
作者:   高虎
文章字数:   2.6k
阅读时长:   13 分
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HttpClient 发送get post 请求和数据解析以及使用详解

HttpClient相比传统JDK自带的URLConnection，增加了易用性和灵活性（具体区别，日后我们再讨论），它不仅是客户端发送Http请求变得容易，而且也方便了开发人员测试接口（基于Http协议的），即提高了开发的效率，也方便提高代码的健壮性。因此熟练掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修内容，掌握HttpClient后，相信对于Http协议的了解会更加深入。

简介

HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中，比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外两个开源项目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。

特性

  • 基于标准、纯净的Java语言。实现了Http1.0和Http1.1
  • 以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了Http全部的方法（GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE）。
  • 支持HTTPS协议。
  • 通过Http代理建立透明的连接。
  • 利用CONNECT方法通过Http代理建立隧道的https连接。
  • Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos认证方案。
  • 插件式的自定义认证方案。
  • 便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案。
  • 连接管理器支持多线程应用。支持设置最大连接数，同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数，发现并关闭过期的连接。
  • 自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
  • 插件式的自定义Cookie策略。
  • Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。
  • Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。
  • 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接。
  • 直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers。
  • 设置连接超时的能力。
  • 实验性的支持http1.1 response caching。
  • 源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取。

使用方法

使用HttpClient 发送请求

  • 创建HttpClient 对象
  • 创建请求方法的实例,并指定请求的URL,如果需要发送GET请求,创建HttpGet对象,如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象。
  • 如果需要发送请求参数,可调用HttpGet、HttpPost 共同的setParams(HttpParams params) 方法来添加请求参数,对于HttpPost对象而言,也可以调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
  • 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse.
  • 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeader()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可以获取服务器的响应头,调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可以获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容，程序可通过该对象获取服务器响应的内容
  • 释放连接,无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接。

测试

package com.ly.flight.suppliercore;
/**
 * 
 * 
 * @author gh43690
 * @version $Id: HttpClientTest.java, v 0.1 2017年3月21日 下午3:21:47 gh43690 Exp $
 */
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.junit.Test;

public class HttpClientTest {
    @Test
    public void jUnitTest() {
        httpGet();
    }

    //get方法
    public void httpGet() {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            //创建httpGet
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println("executing request" + httpGet.getURI());
            //执行get请求
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            try {
                //获取响应实体
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                System.out.println("-------------------");
                //打印响应状态
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
                if (entity != null) {
                    System.out.println("Response content length" + entity.getContentLength());
                    //打印响应内容
                    System.out.println("Response content" + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
                    //打印响应头
                    System.out.println("Response content" + entity.getContent());
                    System.out.println("Response Contentype" + entity.getContentType());
                    System.out.println("Response ContenEncoding" + entity.getContentEncoding());
                }
                System.out.println("--------------");
            } finally {
                response.close();
            }

        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭连接，释放资源
            try {
                httpClient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

}
//Post 提交方式 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果 
 public void doPost(){
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.baidu.com");
        //创建参数队列
        List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEnetity;
        try {
            uefEnetity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
            httpPost.setEntity(uefEnetity);
            System.out.println("executing request"+httpPost.getURI());
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
          try {
             HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
             if(entity != null){
                 System.out.println("-------------------");
                 System.out.println("Response contentlength"+entity.getContentLength());
                 System.out.println("Response Content"+EntityUtils.toString(entity));
                 System.out.println("--------------------");
             }
        } 
          finally {
            response.close();
        }
        }
          catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
       catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally{
            //关闭连接释放资源
            try {
                httpClient.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

     /** 
     * post方式提交表单（模拟用户登录请求） 
     */  
    public void postForm() {  
        // 创建默认的httpClient实例.    
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        // 创建httppost    
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
        // 创建参数队列    
        List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));  
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;  
        try {  
            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");  
            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                }  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
            e1.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            // 关闭连接,释放资源    
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  


    /** 
     * 上传文件 
     */  
    public void upload() {  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        try {  
            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");  

            FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));  
            StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);  

            HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();  

            httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);  

            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");  
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
                HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();  
                if (resEntity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());  
                }  
                EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}

实例

import java.io.File;  
import java.io.FileInputStream;  
import java.io.IOException;  
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;  
import java.security.KeyManagementException;  
import java.security.KeyStore;  
import java.security.KeyStoreException;  
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;  
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;  
import java.util.ArrayList;  
import java.util.List;  

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;  

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;  
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;  
import org.apache.http.ParseException;  
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;  
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;  
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;  
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;  
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;  
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;  
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;  
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;  
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;  
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  
import org.junit.Test;  

public class HttpClientTest {  

    @Test  
    public void jUnitTest() {  
        get();  
    }  

    /** 
     * HttpClient连接SSL 
     */  
    public void ssl() {  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;  
        try {  
            KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());  
            FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));  
            try {  
                // 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore    
                trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());  
            } catch (CertificateException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            } finally {  
                try {  
                    instream.close();  
                } catch (Exception ignore) {  
                }  
            }  
            // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书  
            SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();  
            // 只允许使用TLSv1协议  
            SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,  
                    SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);  
            httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();  
            // 创建http请求(get方式)  
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
            System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);  
            try {  
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");  
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());  
                    System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));  
                    EntityUtils.consume(entity);  
                }  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ParseException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (KeyManagementException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (KeyStoreException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            if (httpclient != null) {  
                try {  
                    httpclient.close();  
                } catch (IOException e) {  
                    e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
            }  
        }  
    }  

    /** 
     * post方式提交表单（模拟用户登录请求） 
     */  
    public void postForm() {  
        // 创建默认的httpClient实例.    
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        // 创建httppost    
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
        // 创建参数队列    
        List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));  
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;  
        try {  
            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");  
            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                }  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
            e1.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            // 关闭连接,释放资源    
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  

    /** 
     * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果 
     */  
    public void post() {  
        // 创建默认的httpClient实例.    
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        // 创建httppost    
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
        // 创建参数队列    
        List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();  
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));  
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;  
        try {  
            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");  
            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));  
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                }  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
            e1.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            // 关闭连接,释放资源    
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  

    /** 
     * 发送 get请求 
     */  
    public void get() {  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        try {  
            // 创建httpget.    
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");  
            System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());  
            // 执行get请求.    
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);  
            try {  
                // 获取响应实体    
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
                System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                // 打印响应状态    
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
                if (entity != null) {  
                    // 打印响应内容长度    
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());  
                    // 打印响应内容    
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));  
                }  
                System.out.println("------------------------------------");  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (ParseException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            // 关闭连接,释放资源    
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  

    /** 
     * 上传文件 
     */  
    public void upload() {  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
        try {  
            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");  

            FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));  
            StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);  

            HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();  

            httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);  

            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());  
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
            try {  
                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");  
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
                HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();  
                if (resEntity != null) {  
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());  
                }  
                EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);  
            } finally {  
                response.close();  
            }  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}</namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair>
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